DC motors yog cov tshuab thoob plaws txhua qhov pom muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov.

Feem ntau, cov motors no tau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau muaj qee yam kev hloov pauv lossis kev ua kom muaj zog.Direct tam sim no lub cev muaj zog yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov haujlwm hluav taws xob engineering.Muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm DC lub cev muaj zog ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj hwm lub cev muaj zog ua rau cov kws ua haujlwm tsim cov ntawv thov kom ua tiav cov kev tswj xyuas kom zoo dua.

Kab lus no yuav ua tib zoo saib ntawm hom DC motors muaj, lawv hom kev ua haujlwm, thiab yuav ua li cas kom ua tiav kev tswj ceev.

DC Motors yog dab tsi?

Zoo liAC motors, DC motors kuj hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob.Lawv txoj haujlwm yog qhov thim rov qab ntawm DC lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no.Tsis zoo li AC motors, DC motors ua haujlwm ntawm DC fais fab-tsis-sinusoidal, unidirectional zog.

Kev tsim kho yooj yim

Txawm hais tias DC motors tau tsim ntau txoj hauv kev, lawv txhua tus muaj cov hauv qab no:

• Rotor (ib feem ntawm lub tshuab uas tig; tseem hu ua "armature")
• Stator (lub teb windings, los yog "stationary" ib feem ntawm lub cev muaj zog)
• Commutator (tuaj yeem txhuam los yog tsis txhuam, nyob ntawm seb hom lub cev muaj zog)
• Teb cov hlau nplaum (muab cov hlau nplaum uas tig lub qag txuas nrog lub rotor)

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, DC motors ua hauj lwm raws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm magnetic teb uas ua los ntawm ib tug rotating armature thiab cov stator los yog ruaj tivthaiv.

Ib tug sensorless DC brushless lub cev muaj zog maub los.Duab siv los ntawmKenzi Mudge.

Txoj Cai Kev Ua Haujlwm

DC motors ua haujlwm ntawm Faraday lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetism uas hais tias tus neeg xyuas pib tam sim no ntsib lub zog thaum muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus.Raws li Fleming's "Sab laug-tes txoj cai rau hluav taws xob motors," cov lus tsa suab ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia perpendicular mus rau tam sim no thiab lub magnetic teb.

Ua lej, peb tuaj yeem qhia qhov quab yuam no li F = BIL (qhov twg F yog lub zog, B yog qhov sib nqus, kuv sawv rau tam sim no, thiab L yog qhov ntev ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib).

Hom ntawm DC Motors

DC motors poob rau hauv ntau pawg, nyob ntawm lawv qhov kev tsim kho.Feem ntau hom muaj xws li brushed los yog brushless, ruaj khov hlau nplaum, series, thiab parallel.

Brushed thiab Brushless Tsav

Brushed DC lub cev muaj zogsiv ib khub ntawm graphite los yog carbon txhuam uas yog rau kev coj los yog xa tam sim no los ntawm armature.Cov txhuam hniav no feem ntau khaws cia nyob ze rau ntawm lub commutator.Lwm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov txhuam hniav hauv dc motors suav nrog kev ua kom lub ntsej muag tsis muaj zog, tswj cov kev taw qhia ntawm tam sim no thaum tig, thiab ua kom lub commutator huv si.

Brushless DC motorstsis muaj carbon lossis graphite txhuam.Lawv feem ntau muaj ib lossis ntau cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov uas tig ib ncig ntawm lub armature ruaj.Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm txhuam, brushless DC motors siv hluav taws xob circuits los tswj cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib hloov thiab ceev.

Permanent Magnet Motors

Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li muaj ib lub rotor ncig los ntawm ob qho kev tawm tsam mus tas li.Cov hlau nplaum muab cov hlau nplaum sib nqus thaum dc dhau lawm, uas ua rau lub rotor tig mus rau hauv ib lub voj voog los yog kev tiv thaiv clockwise, nyob ntawm qhov polarity.Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm hom lub cev muaj zog yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm synchronous ceev nrog qhov zaus tas mus li, tso cai rau kev pom kev nrawm.

Series-mob DC Motors

Series motors muaj lawv cov stator (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj liab tuav) windings thiab teb windings (tooj liab coils) txuas nrog hauv series.Yog li ntawd, lub armature tam sim no thiab teb tam sim no sib npaug.High tam sim no ntws ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom siv mus rau hauv lub teb windings uas yog thicker thiab tsawg dua nyob rau hauv shunt motors.Lub thickness ntawm lub teb windings tsub kom lub load-nqa muaj peev xwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab kuj tsim muaj zog magnetic teb uas muab series DC motors ib tug heev torque.

Shunt DC Motors

Lub shunt DC lub cev muaj nws cov armature thiab teb windings txuas nrog nyob rau hauv parallel.Raws li kev sib txuas sib txuas, ob qho tib si windings tau txais tib lub zog hluav taws xob, txawm tias lawv zoo siab sib cais.Shunt motors feem ntau muaj ntau lem ntawm windings tshaj series motors uas tsim muaj zog magnetic teb thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm.Shunt motors tuaj yeem muaj kev tswj ceev ceev, txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv.Txawm li cas los xij, lawv feem ntau tsis muaj lub siab pib torque ntawm series motors.

Lub cev muaj zog thiab ceev tswj Circuit Court ntsia tau rau hauv lub laum mini.Duab siv los ntawmDilshan R. Jayakody

DC Motor Speed ​​Control

Muaj peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb kom ua tiav cov kev cai ceev hauv series DC motors-flux control, voltage control, and armature resistance control.

1. Txoj Kev Tswj Flux

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tswj flux, rheostat (ib hom kev hloov pauv hloov tau) txuas nrog hauv cov kab sib txuas nrog lub teb windings.Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tivthaiv no yog txhawm rau ua kom cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov windings uas yuav txo cov flux, yog li ua kom lub cev muaj zog ceev.

2. Txoj kev tswj hluav taws xob

Txoj kev tswj kev sib txawv yog feem ntau siv hauv shunt dc motors.Muaj, dua, muaj ob txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob:

• Txuas lub shunt teb mus rau qhov ruaj khov siab voltage thaum muab lub armature nrog sib txawv voltages (aka ntau voltage tswj)
• Sib txawv qhov voltage nkag mus rau armature (aka Ward Leonard method)

3. Armature Resistance Control Method

Lub armature kuj tswj tau raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias qhov ceev ntawm lub cev muaj zog yog ncaj qha proportional rau sab nraum EMF.Yog li, yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv armature tau khaws cia ntawm tus nqi tas li, qhov ceev ntawm lub cev muaj zog yuav ncaj qha rau qhov tam sim no armature.