Brushless DC thiab stepper motors yuav tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua li cov classic brushed DC lub cev muaj zog, tab sis qhov kawg kuj tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua hauv qee qhov kev siv.

Cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau tab tom nrhiav xaiv lub DC lub cev me me - ib qho me me lossis feem ntau-horsepower unit, feem ntau - feem ntau saib thaum pib ntawm ob txoj kev xaiv: brushless DC (BLDC) lub cev muaj zog lossis lub cev muaj zog stepper.Ib qho twg los xaiv yog raws li daim ntawv thov, raws li BDLC feem ntau zoo dua rau kev txav mus tas li thaum lub tshuab stepper yog qhov zoo dua rau qhov chaw, rov qab, thiab nres / pib suab.Txhua hom lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem xa cov kev ua haujlwm uas xav tau nrog tus tswj kom raug, uas tuaj yeem yog IC lossis module nyob ntawm seb lub cev muaj zog thiab qhov tshwj xeeb.Cov motors no tuaj yeem tsav nrog "smarts" embedded nyob rau hauv siab motion-control ICs lossis processor nrog embedded firmware.

Tab sis saib me ntsis ze dua ntawm qhov muab ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntawm cov BLDC motors, thiab koj yuav pom lawv yuav luag ib txwm muaj cov motors brushed DC (BDC), uas tau nyob ib puag ncig "mus ib txhis."Qhov kev npaj lub cev muaj zog no muaj qhov chaw ntev thiab tsim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob tsav lub zog, raws li nws yog thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim ntawm txhua yam.Kaum tawm lab ntawm cov tshuab txhuam hniav no tau siv txhua xyoo rau kev siv loj, tsis yog tsis tseem ceeb xws li tsheb.

Thawj cov qauv ntawm cov tshuab txhuam txhuam tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1800s tab sis lub hwj chim txawm tias lub cev muaj zog me me yog qhov nyuaj.Lub tshuab hluav taws xob xav tau los siv hluav taws xob tseem tsis tau tsim, thiab cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm tsawg, qhov loj me, thiab tseem yuav tsum tau "replenished" qee yam.Thaum kawg, cov teeb meem no tau kov yeej.Los ntawm lig 1800s, brushed DC motors xws li mus rau kaum thiab pua pua ntawm horsepower raug ntsia thiab siv dav dav;ntau tseem siv niaj hnub no.

Qhov yooj yim txhuam DC lub cev muaj zog yuav tsum tsis muaj "hluav taws xob" ua haujlwm, vim nws yog ib qho khoom siv rau tus kheej.Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog qhov yooj yim, uas yog ib qho ntawm nws qhov tsim txiaj.Lub brushed DC lub cev muaj zog siv txhua yam kev sib hloov los hloov lub polarity ntawm lub rotor lub magnetic teb (tseem hu ua armature) piv rau stator.Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub stator lub magnetic teb yog tsim los ntawm ob electromagnetic coils (keeb kwm) los yog niaj hnub, haib hlau nplaum ruaj khov (rau ntau niaj hnub siv) (Daim duab 1).

Kev sib cuam tshuam thiab rov thim rov qab ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus ntawm rotor coils ntawm armature thiab taag teb ntawm stator induce lub nruam rotary motion.Qhov kev ua haujlwm sib hloov uas thim rov qab rau lub rotor teb yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev (hu ua txhuam), uas kov thiab nqa lub zog rau lub armature coils.Kev sib hloov ntawm lub cev muaj zog tsis tsuas yog muab cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub rotor coil polarity xav tau los txhawb qhov kev nyiam / kev tawm tsam nrog rau qhov chaw ruaj khov stator - dua, tsis xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, raws li cov khoom siv DC yog siv ncaj qha rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob. stator coil windings (yog tias muaj) thiab txhuam.

Kev tswj ceev ceev tau ua tiav los ntawm kev kho qhov siv hluav taws xob, tab sis qhov no taw qhia rau ib qho ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub tshuab txhuam hniav: qhov qis qis txo qhov ceev (uas yog lub hom phiaj) thiab txo qis lub zog, uas feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.Kev siv lub tshuab txhuam txhuam uas siv ncaj qha los ntawm DC rails feem ntau siv tau tsuas yog hauv kev txwv lossis tsis tseem ceeb xws li kev khiav hauj lwm cov khoom ua si me me thiab cov duab animated, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau kev tswj ceev.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub brushless lub cev muaj zog muaj ib tug array ntawm electromagnetic coils (ncej) tsau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev nyob sab hauv, thiab high-lub zog ruaj khov hlau nplaum txuas mus rau lub rotating ncej (lub rotor) (Daim duab 2).Raws li cov ncej yog energized nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus los ntawm kev tswj hluav taws xob (electronic commutation - EC), lub magnetic teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub rotor rotates thiab thiaj li attracts / repels lub rotor nrog nws ruaj hlau nplaum, uas yog yuam kom ua raws li lub teb.

Kev tsav tsheb tam sim no ntawm BLDC lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem yog lub voj voos xwmfab, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ua rau muaj kev vibration, yog li feem ntau cov qauv siv lub ramping waveform nrog cov duab haum rau qhov xav tau ua ke ntawm hluav taws xob efficiency thiab cov lus tsa suab precision.Tsis tas li ntawd, tus maub los tuaj yeem kho qhov energizing waveform kom nrawm tsis tau pib thiab nres yam tsis muaj overshoot thiab nkig teb rau cov neeg kho tshuab load transients.Txawv tswj profiles thiab trajectories muaj uas phim lub cev muaj zog txoj hauj lwm thiab tshaj tawm rau daim ntawv thov cov kev xav tau.

Edited los ntawm Lisa